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La fundadora nació como Marie Grosholtz en 1761 en la ciudad de Estrasburgo, Francia, y más tarde adquirió el apellido Tussauds al contraer nupcias con el ingeniero François Tussauds. Marie aprendió la técnica de modelar de Philippe Curtius, para quien trabajaba como ama de llaves, y al morir éste, hereda toda su colección de figuras de cera. Posteriormente, en 1835, la colección se traslada a Londres, donde empezó como una exposición que recorría la ciudad hasta que en 1884 se trasladó a su actual ubicación en Marylebone Road.

En el museo se encuentra la llamada “Cámara de los Horrores” donde se ubican entre otras las figuras de Marat, Luis XVI o Robespierre, todos ellos guillotinados y cuyos rostros modeló Marie. También se encuentra en el museo la guillotina con que la que fue ejecutada María Antonieta.

MADAME TUSSAUD´S MUSEUM

More than 300 life size wax figures of celebrities-film stars, music, culture, sport legends, world leaders… can be seen in this museum.

The first and the most important wax museum is in London. In 1971 a new one was opened in Amsterdam, and since then more and more have been opened in different countries, where reproductions of their own celebrities are displayed.

Marie Tussaud was born in Strasbourg, France, under the name of Marie Grosholtz, in 1761.
She got her surname `Tussaud´ when she married the engineer François Tussaud.

Marie learnt the fine art of sculpting from Philippe Curtius. After his death, she inherited all his collection of wax figures. Later, in 1835, the collection was taken to London where it began to be exhibited around the city. In 1884 it was moved to its current location on Marylebone Road.

One of the most important attractions is the famous Chamber of Horrors, where you can see the wax figures of Marat, Louis XVI, Robespierre, all of them guillotined, and whose faces were modelled by Marie.

You can also see the guillotine with which Marie Antoinette was Killed.

La competición se desarrolla sobre un recorrido de algo más de 7 km. en el que hay que saltar 30 enormes obstáculos similares a setos, dando dos vueltas al circuito de Aintree, con 16 obstáculos en la primera y 14 en la segunda, en la que se eliminan la silla y el salto del agua. Es una prueba de gran dureza y riesgo para jinetes y caballos, y es blanco de muchas críticas por la elevada mortandad de estos últimos, sobre todo debido a malas caídas tras un salto. Este año de 2014 se ha celebrado el sábado 5 de abril.

GRAND NATIONAL

The official name is Aintree Grand National, as it is held at Gran Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool. It is a very important horse race with obstacles-fences-held in the United Kingdom, and the hardest and the most well-known in the world.

It was first officially run in 1839, and it is annually held on a Saturday evening, at the beginning of April. It was cancelled during the First and Second World Wars.

The competition covers a distance of seven kilometres and consists of two circuits with sixteen fences-the first fourteen are jumped twice. The Chair and the Water Jump are avoided on the second circuit.

Grand National race is very hard and dangerous for the jockeys and horses. It has been criticized because a lot of horses die when they jump badly. It was held on April 5th 2014.

Su reinado, de 62 años, es el segundo más largo de la historia británica, sólo superado por el de su tatarabuela Victoria, quien reinó durante 63 años y 7 meses.

Está casada desde 1947 con el príncipe Felipe, duque de Edimburgo, con quien ha tenido 4 hijos: Carlos, Ana, Andrés y Eduardo.

En un país como el Reino Unido, de tradición monárquica muy arraigada, el momento posiblemente más cuestionado de su reinado su produjo en 1997, cuando los medios de comunicación criticaron a la familia real por mantenerse en reclusión en los días previos al funeral de Diana, princesa de Gales, que había muerto en un accidente automovilístico en París. No obstante, después de aparecer en público, la popularidad de Isabel se recuperó manteniéndose en alto hasta el día de hoy.

ELIZABETH II

Elizabeth II, whose full name is Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, is the Queen of the United Kingdom and the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states, which belonged to the Commonwealth realms.

Elizabeth was born in London on 21 April 1926, but she was not expected to become ´Queen´. Her father acceded to the throne as George VI in 1936 because her uncle Eduard Viii had abdicated. Then she became heiress presumptive, in case her parents had had a later son.

Her coronation service took place in 1953, after her father’s death at the age of 56.
Elizabeth’s reign of 62 years in the second longest in the British History –only the Queen Victoria, her great-great grandmother, reigned for 63 years and 7 months.

She got married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1947 and she has got four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Eduard.

There have been difficult times for the Queen Elizabeth and the royal family. One of the worst happened when Diana, Princess of Wales, was killed in a car crash in Paris in 1997. The royal family had to face severe press criticism and public hostility, due to their silence and seclusion the days before her funeral. But support for the monarchy and the personal popularity of the Queen Elizabeth remain high.

Al igual que en nuestro país, el torneo se celebra cada año de agosto hasta mayo, lo conforman un total de 20 clubes de Inglaterra y Gales y, de la misma forma, desde el campeón al cuarto clasificado pasan a disputar la Champions League, siendo los tres últimos clasificados relegados a la Football League Championship y sustituidos por los dos primeros clasificados de la misma y por el ganador de un sistema de play off que se disputa entre las posiciones tercera, cuarta, quinta y sexta de esa misma división.

PREMIER LEAGUE

Premier League is similar to the First Football League in Spain. This competition has been considered as the most important for the last ten years by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), more than the Spanish Football League First Division -the second- and Italy´s Serie A –the third-.

Premier League is the most watched football league in the world, broadcast in lots of countries to million homes.

Twenty clubs, from England and Wales, compete on Saturdays and Sunday afternoons, when most football matches are played. As a result, huge stadiums are filled by millions of supporters. At the end of each season, the club with most points is the champion. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place.

Aunque se sirven todo tipo de licores y bebidas sin alcohol, la clientela inglesa, experta en este tipo de bebida, mide el prestigio de un pub por la calidad y variedad de cervezas, tanto de grifo como embotelladas, que pueda ofrecer; y es fácil encontrar pubs con hasta más de 30 grifos de cervezas distintas.

BRITISH PUBS

Pubs are important and everyday par of British life, describe as a heart of England and possibly the focal point of the community, where people talk, eat, drink, meet their friends and relax.

There are about 60 thousand pubs in Britain and it is almost impossible not to find one, even in small villages. The word ‘pub’ is short for ‘public house’, which means ‘casa pública’ in Spanish.

Traditional country pubs are old, with wooden beamed ceilings, log fines, smoked and frosted glass, old pictures decorating the walls-places which provide you a comfortable, friendly and warm atmosphere.
Most pubs offer different kinds of wines, spirits, soft drinks, but one of the finest characteristics is the quality and the wide variety of beers-bottled or on tap. These features are the prestige of a traditional and typical English pub. It is said that there are more than 30 different beers on tap.

El 18 de noviembre del pasado año 2013, y después de unas espectaculares obras de rehabilitación que se han prolongado durante casi 6 años y que han tenido un coste de 55 millones de euros, se ha reabierto al público en su totalidad la Tate Britain, junto con Tate Modern, la Tate Liverpool y la Tate St. Ives.

TATE BRITAIN

Tate Britain is part of the Tate network of galleries in England. It was opened as the National Gallery of British Art on 21 July 1897; however it was commonly known as Tate Gallery after its founder Sir Henry Tate. Later, in 2000, this famous gallery was renamed Tate Britain.

It is situated in Millbank, the former Millbank Prison, facing the river Thames, in London. The gallery displayed both British and modern collections but all of them were moved to Tate Modern, when this one was launched in 2000. Nowadays only historical and contemporary British art is displayed in Tate Britain.

On 18 November 2013, after about six years of renovation at a cost of 55 million, Tate Britain was reopened together with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St. Ives.

La carrera se realiza rio arriba o a contracorriente sobre una distancia de 6.779 metros desde Putney hasta Mortlake, en dos embarcaciones compuestas por 8 remeros y un capitán que marca el ritmo de palada y maneja el timón.

Al vestir el equipo de Oxford de azul oscuro y el de Cambridge de azul claro, los aficionados se refieren popularmente a ambos como “azules”.

La primera carrera se disputó en 1829, y de forma continuada anualmente a partir de 1856, con los intervalos impuestos por las dos guerras mundiales. No siempre se ha realizado sobre el mismo recorrido, y hasta la última, que se adjudicó Oxford el 31 de marzo de 2013, el cómputo de victorias favorece a Cambridge con un total de 81 sobre las 75 que posee Oxford.

THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT RACE

This amateur sport event -the most viewed in the world- is held on the last Saturday of March or the first Saturday of April. It is an annual rowing race between the University of Oxford and Cambridge.

About 250 million people-including students of both Universities -watch the race live from the banks of the river Thames and more than 500 million view the race on television.

Once there was disagreement over where the race should be held but nowadays it usually covers a 6.779 km stretch of Thames in west London from Putrey to Mortlake. Two boats, rowed by eight oarsmen traditionally known as blues –Cambridge in light blue an Oxford in dark blue- compete for winning the race, for being the champion. Each boat is steered by a cox, who marks the pace of stoke and handles the rudder.

The first race took place in 1829 and it has been held annually since 1856 except during the First and Second World War.

Oxford is the current champion -31 March 3013- although Cambridge has won the race 81 times and Oxford 75 times.

Quizá el transatlántico que se puede considerar como uno de los grandes mitos de la historia marítima sea el Queen Mary, fue en su momento el transatlántico de mayor envergadura construido, y hasta 1948 el más rápido en realizar la línea Southampton – Cherburgo – Nueva York. Junto con su hermano, el Queen Elizabeth, se utilizó durante la segunda guerra mundial para el transporte de tropas y precisamente sus altas velocidades les permitían escapar de los submarinos alemanes; se dice que Hitler llegó a ofrecer una alta recompensa por el hundimiento del Queen Mary.

Realizó su último crucero el 16 de septiembre de 1967, cuando su propietaria, la británica Cunard Line, decidió venderlo a la ciudad de Long Beach, en California, donde a día de hoy se encuentra atracado y se puede visitar, pues es utilizado desde entonces como museo, hotel y centro de conferencias.

QUEEN MARY

Nowadays there is a large number of superliners-cruises ships –where tourists enjoy spending their holidays, due to the fantastic luxury amenities and activities.

However, during the first of the last country, before the dawn of the jet age in late 1950s, big liners were constructed in order to link Europe and America, that is why they were called ‘transatlantic liners’.

Queen Mary can be considered one of the great myths, as it was the largest (her capacity was 2,139 passengers) and the fastest vessel to sail from Southampton, Cherbourg and New York. She entered service in 1936 along with her running mate Queen Elisabeth. Due to their high speeds they could avoid being attacked by German submarines during the Second World War. The two ships were a British response to the super liners built by German and French companies. It is said that Hitler offered a reward to the sinking of Queen Mary.

She was launched on 26 September 1934 and officially retired from service on 9 December 1967, after several years of decreased profits for Cunard Line. She left Southampton for the last time on 31 October 1967 sailed to the port of Long Beach, California, where she reins permanently moored. Now, Queen Mary serves as a tourist attraction featuring restaurants, a museum and hotel.

Estamos hablando del cricket, un deporte de bate y pelota en el que se enfrentan dos equipos de once jugadores cada uno y se juega en un campo de hierba, de forma elíptica y con una extensión similar a la de uno de fútbol. En el centro hay una franja rectangular, donde se efectúa el lanzamiento y bateo, que se denomina pitch. El desarrollo del juego tiene cierta similitud con el del béisbol americano, con la salvedad de que el jugador que lanza la pelota intenta derribar tres palos verticales (wicket) y el que batea ha de evitarlo golpeando la pelota con el bate. Cada cuatro años, y desde 1975, se disputa la Copa Mundial de Cricket, siendo la selección de Australia la que se ha llevado la victoria en más ocasiones: 1987, 1999, 2003 y 2007.

CRICKET

It is known that the British have invented a large number of sports. Two of them –football and rugby- are supposed to be the most well-known.

However, there is one, maybe less popular but not less important as it attracts masses of supporters. That´s CRICKET, originally a children´s game.

It was spread overseas and well established in India, North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Australia an New Zealand in the 19th century, before the second world was and in the port was period (Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh).

It is a bat and ballgame played between two teams of eleven players on a grassy field in the centre of which it is a rectangular strip, known as the pitch. One team bats while the other bowls and fields the ball. At each end of the pitch there is a wooden target called a wicket. Each wicket consists of there wooden stamps placed vertically in line with one another. One member of the fielding team, called the bowler, is given the ball and bowls it from one end of the pitch to the wicket. The batsman tries to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket by striking it with a bat.

Every four years and since 1975 the Cricket World Cup has been played and the Australian teams were the champions in 1987, 1999, 2003 and 2007.